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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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01238900.034
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1990-09-17
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WORLD, Page 34JAPANA Delicate BurialSparks fly over the choice of some Hirohito funeral delegations
For a weekend Japan mourned the late Emperor Hirohito. But by
Monday morning it was business as usual. Proving that few events,
not even the death of an imperial leader who reigned for more than
six decades, can turn off their entrepreneurial juices for long,
eager businessmen besieged a Justice Ministry office to stake claim
to use of the word Heisei (achieving universal peace), the name
chosen to designate Emperor Akihito's reign. On Monday the Tokyo
Stock Exchange's Nikkei average climbed to 31,006.51, an all-time
high.
Akihito too took up his imperial duties. Dressed in a morning
coat, he gave an audience to 243 government officials and their
spouses. Speaking in ordinary Japanese rather than the stylized
court language favored by his father at his accession, Akihito
promised to follow Japan's 1947 democratic constitution.
The audience was just one of 20 ceremonies leading to
Hirohito's state funeral on Feb. 24. That rite has provoked some
consternation abroad, as more than 100 nations decide who will
attend. For some countries that fought against Japan during World
War II or suffered savage casualties in Japanese prison camps, the
choice is by no means simple, even 45 years later. They must weigh
the political cost of offending veterans against the damage that
could result from bruising the sensitivities of a country that
plays a commanding role in the world economy.
The selection of a funeral delegation touched a nerve in the
Netherlands, which lost 30,000 people as a result of the Japanese
occupation of the former Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia. Veterans
groups are demanding that the delegation leader rank no higher than
ambassador. China, overrun and occupied by the Japanese for nearly
a decade, put off naming a delegation, but officials there say top
leaders will not go to Tokyo.
A fierce battle raged in Australia, where some veterans groups
denounced Hirohito as the "biggest war criminal on earth." Said
Bruce Ruxton, Victorian president of the Returned Services League:
"Going to his funeral would be like going to the funeral of the
devil." Prime Minister Bob Hawke skirted a decision by acceding to
protocol, which does not usually require the Australian head of
government to attend the funeral of a head of state.
Britain sought to straddle the divide by naming Prince Philip,
who as a naval lieutenant accompanied his uncle Lord Mountbatten
to the Japanese surrender ceremonies in 1945. Philip's war
credentials partly defused the issue, but the president of the
National Federation of Far Eastern Prisoners of War Association,
Harold Payne, reportedly said Mountbatten "would turn in his grave"
if he knew of the Prince Consort's plans. Likely to roil the waters
further is an upcoming BBC documentary contending that Hirohito
must have known of the 1937 rape of Nanking, in which Japanese
troops butchered at least 20,000 Chinese, and that he knew at least
a month beforehand of the plan to attack Pearl Harbor.
Other victims of the Axis have opted to put the past behind
them. The Philippines, which suffered a bloody, one-sided defeat
and a brutal occupation by imperial Japan, will send President
Corazon Aquino. Indonesia will send President Suharto. Most of
Japan's modern-day trading partners seem to share the magnanimity
-- and pragmatism -- of incoming U.S. President George Bush. While
a Navy bomber pilot, he was shot down over the Pacific by Japanese
gunners, but he professes to hold no grudge. Bush was among the
first Western leaders to announce he will attend Hirohito's
funeral. To those who objected, Bush explained, "What I'm
symbolizing is not the past, but the present and future, by going
there." The Japanese, who have chronicled the debates abroad,
welcomed the American decision.
Most Japanese, convinced that most of the nations that count
are behaving with propriety, have paid little attention to the
foreign debates. As for Hirohito's war guilt, the matter received
a round of fresh attention after the Emperor fell ill in September.
When his death halted regular programming for two days, Japanese
television devoted extensive coverage, including rarely seen war
footage, to Hirohito's career. But Japan seemed disinclined to
indulge in an orgy of self-examination. Viewers bored with the
special shows flooded video-rental stores across the country. Many
Japanese worry less about an old war than about who will foot the
$74.4 million bill for Hirohito's funeral.